Cup cake can make us happy Essay Example for Free

Cup cake butt make us content EssayAn afternoon spent whipping up cakes, biscuits and pies doesnt just make your kitchen smell amazing, it shag also help exclusivelyeviate stress, anger and flush depression. Baking enthusiast Alix Walker reveals why its making us very happy Photography Patrice De Villiers Baking Pamela Giles Supermodel Karlie Kloss may stool appeared on 20 magazine covers this year alone, but she still finds time to send the editors at US Vogue her homemade toffee at Christmas.She also spends the night earlier important shoots baking her Perfect 10 Kookies (milkbarstore. com) to calm her nerves. I may be a good foot shorter (and wider) than Karlie, but we do have something in common. Two weeks before my wedding I decided it would be a brilliant idea to bake my own four-tiered wedding cake. It wasnt like I was already about to internally combust with stress or anything When we launched Stylist I worked until 2am for three months but I still spent my first pass off making a giant gingerbread house. When Im feeling stressed and overwhelmed, like my brain cant quite focus and my snapper is a bit racy, I bake.John Whaite, the winner of The Great British Bake Off 2012, has spoken about how baking helped with his depression. He says, You can bout the destructive into the creative just by stirring some starting line and eggs. Working through the steps of a recipe in a methodical way means you dont have time to concentrate on everything else that is whirring through your mind. Spending an afternoon in water ice sugar is certainly becoming an increasingly popular pastime. The fourth series of The Great British Bake Off started on BBC Two last Tuesday night, hoping to draw in even more viewers than the 7.2 million who watched last years series finale.Sales of baking paraphernalia have shot up at John Lewis cult baking clubs like Band Of Bakers and Clandestine Cake Club are popping up around the country and owning a KitchenAid is perfect ly as prestigious as possessing an Alexander Wang bag. And this is not a hobby just for the retired 287 Stylistreaders lovingly crafted everything from a Ryan Gosling cake to the perfect afternoon tea in our competition to bake this weeks cover (click here to read an interview with Pamela Giles, who baked the winning cover), showing the passion for baking among professional 30-somethings.Weve fall back in love with this age-old hobby for a simple reason it makes us happy. In an increasingly fast-paced and unpredictable world, baking has bewilder the modern womans stress buster. Today, we spend eight hours a day in front of a computer screen and rarely have something tangible to show at the end of it. Modern technology means we dont switch off until we actually sleep. Baking is the antithesis to this. Its physical. Methodical. It cant be rushed. Follow a recipe step by step and youre almost (almost) guaranteed a certain result.There is calm in its predictability reassurance in its s implicity. Unconvinced? Type stress bake into Google and nearly seven million entries flash up. In addition,the Depressed Cake Shop, a series of baking pop-ups, appeared throughout the UK this month to recognise the power of baking to soothe (not cure) depression. And author Marian Keyes wrote her first cookbook Saved By Cake after a newfound passion for baking pulled her out of depression To be perfectly blunt, my choice sometimes is I can kill myself or I can make a dozen cupcakes.Baking makes me focus. It is sort of magic you start off with all this disparate stuff and what you end up with is so totally different. Sweet and scientific It makes sense, really. For a start, the techniques used in baking stirring, mixing, kneading are very similar to other proven stress relievers such as create from raw stuff or squeezing a stress ball. Chartered psychologist Dr Jill Owen explains Repetitive behaviour and rituals can be very effective in increasing focus and trim stress.Countle ss studies have also found a strong connection between being creative and wellbeing. Focusing on a new icing technique means you dont focus on individual pieces of information, which is why you may find the answer to the problem youve been stewing on all day the minute you bring your hot cross buns out of the oven. You also receive an extra shot of happiness when you see the positive chemical reaction your baking has on other people. Then, of course, theres the eating.Tucking into a thick slab of apricot and ginger cake, a flaky millefeuille or a raspberry clafoutis subtly change our brain chemistry, making us altogether happier. The sweet sticky carbohydrates trigger the release of insulin into the blood, which clears out all the amino acids in the bloodstream obscure from tryptophan, which is then converted into serotonin in your brain, that warm, fuzzy hormone that makes us want to hug people and smile a satisfied grin. That, in my opinion, is value all the calories.

Ralph Ellisons essay An Extravagance of Laughter Essay Example for Free

Ralph Ellisons essay An Extravagance of Laughter EssayRalph Ellison in his essay, An Extravagance of Laughter demonstrated the living condition of black life in the segregated 1930s. Ellison grew up in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Un fortuitously, His father past a dash when he was only three. He lived with his mother and brother in absolute poverty, tho always believe that he could overcome the limits of racial prejudice. Through kayoed the years, Ellison fell in love with Africa-American music (Jazz). He played Trumpet and thought himself Louis Armstrong solos.For Ellison and more other blacks in the south, somebodyal choice (privileges) was something they were lacking. He states, you lived in a Negro neighborhood because you were forced to do so, and because you preferred living among those of your own background. Which was unclouded to answer, because having to experience life in a mixed neighborhood as a child, I preferred to live where people spoke my own indication of the American Language and where misreading of the tone or gesture were less likely to ignite literal conflict (Ellison 145). By this, people did not put one over any choice close where they live. At times, They preferred to live among those of their own background equitable because they did not want to deal with inferiority. Imagine living in a place were you were not wanted, and where people were aggravating you and your family from day to day. People really do not want to deal with negative attitudes and they certainly lead not live around it. Many people believe its more comfortable to live around people with the same background as they are. By doing so, its easier to understand each others view about a certain point.Not only they were forced to live in places they did not want to live national transportation was places of hallucinations for Negroes. Once their fares were deposited, they were sent straight to the rear. During such time, some(prenominal) the driver and white fo lks tormented them. Imagine the type of pushing and shoveling that occurred. Such striking and inconsiderate attitude can cause horrible effects on a pregnant woman. Getting push on a moving agglomerate is very dangerous. After all the disappointments in the south, an old hero and friend, Langston Hughes invited Ellison, to be his guest at a Broadway theater. The play, Jack Kirklands manoeuvretization of Erskine Caldwells famous novel baccy Road left a great impression on him.The comedy and the extravagance of laughter told Ellison many things about himself. I couldnt have put it into row at the time, but by forcing me to see the comedy in Jeeter Lesters Condition and allowing me to react to it in an interracial situation without the threat of physical violence, Caldwell told me something important about who I was (Ellison 171). As we can see, the author was in a safe house and he mentioned how the play made him a better person, and how he became a more tolerant American.The pla y helped him to deal with the horrible experiences that he encountered in the south. In the south, there were no contests because the white man always won where as in the north, survival of the fittest was the issue. It gave him a chance to redeem his self-dignity. The moment of laughter was the point when a change occurred in Ellisons life. He produced a new drama in the theater when he started laughing. Once his laughing got going, it was a germ that affected many people. This play allowed Ellison to understand his role in the American society. By doing so, it helped him to remember the important part, which is not to think about racism, but to think about race in conjunction to the south, and New York.Ellisons experience in study to be a New Yorker was something he never forgets. He states, Madam, all you had to do was risk the slight possibility that I just might be a gentleman. Because if you had, I would have been compelled to step aside (Ellison 144). From this quote, we can all see the meaning into the authors words. In the south, it would be required for a black person to get up and offer their seat to a white one. Nevertheless, They were in New York, and Laws did not recommend such thing. The lady got herself into a shuffle with him and fortunately he won.Its that aggressiveness that caused Ellison to retaliate and not offer her the seat.For Ellison, The notion of imagined communities (Benedict Anderson) as Pratt says came about his experiences. This illustrated the inner self-esteem that he had to reach within himself to bring out to society. He gathered up all his experiences from the south and those he acquired fromNew York to stand up for himself and not to let society destroy it.One way to connect Pratts observation about the contact zone and safe houses with Ellisons feeling that he was on a journey without a map is to connect both authors points of view, and how they tried to persuade their readers. Ellison States, This made for a constant st ruggle over the nature of reality, in which each group probed and sparred as they tried to determined the others authorized motives and opinions (Ellison 160). This quote indicates that people should drop their mask and try to put their differences aside to connect with one another. We must retrieve our logical inspiration, and break the barriers of stupidity.In her essay, humanistic discipline of the Contact Zone, Pratt observed how society must get rid of racism, and destroys the shadow of ignorance. She states, meanwhile, our job in the American course remains to figure out how to feed that crossroad the best site for learning that it can be (Pratt 541). She demonstrated many ways to develop social and intellectual differences. She stressed the importance of what we came to address safe house, which are places that groups can constitute as communities.Pratt stated the way to comprehend communication and behavior is through common rules that must be shared. She mentioned how contrasting personalities interpret a common rule. In her essay, Guaman Pomas unread masterpiece and Benedict Andersons theory of imagine communities demonstrated her argument. These examples are part of what someone should strongly stress on to understand their cultures as well as others.As both authors Stated, Our position in relation to the issue of contact, safety, mapping and community is very important. First, Ellison mentioned, And just as Henry James felt it prudent to warn Americans against a superstitious elevation of Europe, Negro folklore with its arrays of survival strategies warned me against an overvaluation of white pretensions. And despite their restraint and low opinion of Negro intelligence, white suspected the presence of profound reservations even when Negroes were far less assertive than they are today (Ellison 160).Throughout this essay, Its undefendable that racism played a big part throughout society. The above statement mentioned how whites were looking down at Negroes. Even with their greatest efforts, Negroes were still underestimated.

Yum! Pizza-Hut KFC

Yum Pizza-Hut KFCYum Brands Inc, Pizza Hut, and KFC The fast solid food industry has exploded over the preceding century in both the United States and abroad grocery stores. Rising income, greater affluence among a larger portionage of American households, prouder divorce rates, and the marriage of people later in life contributed to the acclivity number of single households and the demand for fast food (Krug (2004) pg. 632). In 2004, Yum Brands, Inc. was the worlds largest fast food federation. It operated much that 33,000 KFC, Taco Bell, Pizza Hut, Long John Silvers, and AW restaurants worldwide. Yum Brands likewise operated more(prenominal) that 12,000 restaurants outside the United States (Krug (2004) pg. 627). In 2004, the company was focusing on internationalist strategy and portfolio management to develop a strong market share with poor postgraduate offshoot markets.The companies main focus in 2004 was to focus its international strategy on developing strong marke t share positions in a small number of high- exploitation markets such as Japan, Canada, the United Kingdom, China, Australia, Korea, and Mexico (Krug (2004) pg. 627). International strategy is based on diffusion and adaptation of the parent companys knowledge and expertise to orthogonal markets. The primary goal of the strategy is worldwide exploitation of the parent firms knowledge and capabilities (Dess, Lumkin, Eisner 2007 pg. 256).The analysis begins by looking at the strengths of the firm. Yum Brands, Inc. has numerous strengths throughout its inner environment. The company was the market leader in the chicken, pizza, Mexican, and seafood segments of the U.S. fast food industry. It operates more than 33,000 social units worldwide (Krug (2004) pg. 627). The focus of the company went from individual to multibranded units. Multibranded units attracted a larger consumer base by go a broader menu selection in one location. The company operates more than 2400 multibrand restaura nts in the U.S (Krug (2004) pg. 628). An additional strength within its internal environment comes from franchising. Franchising allowed firms to expand more quickly, minimize capital expenditures, and maximize return on invested capital (Krug (2004) pg. 633). Franchising has the advantage of limiting the venture exposure that a firm has in overseas markets plot expanding the revenue base of the parent company (Dess, Lumkin, Eisner 2007 pg. 265).As we have come to realize, companies are never perfect and can have numerous weaknesses within its internal environment. Long distances between headquarters and foreign franchises made it more difficult to control the quality of individual restaurants. Large distances also caused servicing and support problems, and deportation and other resource costs were higher. In addition, time, cultural, and language differences increased communication problems and made it more difficult to get timely and accurate information (Krug (2004) pg. 635). A companys opportunities are the most influential to building an effective strategy. As the U.S. market matured, more restaurants turned to international markets to expand sales. Foreign markets were attractive because of their large customer bases and comparatively low competition. A great opportunity for Yum Brands Inc. is to move its investment locations to Mexico. From a regional point of view, Latin America is appealing because of its keep out proximity to the United States, language and cultural similarities, and the potential for a future World Free Trade Area of the Americas, which would eliminate tariffs on trade within unification and South America (Krug (2004) pg. 627).The external environment creates numerous threats for Yum Brands Inc. One of the prime threats Yum Brands, Inc. faces from the external environment is the increasing age in the population. Restaurants rely heavily on teenagers and college-aged workers. As the population ages, fewer young workers are ava ilable to fill food service jobs. Many restaurants were forced to hire less reliable workers, which stirred both service and restaurant cleanliness. An additional weakness was that turnover rates were notoriously high. The National Restaurant Association estimated that 96% of all fast food workers quit within a year (Krug (2004) pg. 633).Another giant threat the company faces is the proliferation of new diets. Many Americans were eating pizza less often as they pursued the Atkins Diet (low carbohydrates), The Zone (balanced meals containing equal parts of carbohydrates, protein, and unsaturated fat), or a traditional low fat diet (Krug (2004) pg. 632). Chicken costs were also a threat to the company. A boneless chicken breast, which cost $1.20 per pound in early 2001, cost $2.50 per pound in 2004, an increase of more than nose candy percent. Profit margins were being squeezed from both the revenue and cost sides (Krug (2004) pg. 632).In 2004, Yum Brands Inc. started to pay more at tention to portfolio management. The key purpose of creating portfolio models is to assist a firm in achieving a balanced portfolio of straines. Businesses whose profitability, growth, and cash flow characteristics would complement each other and add up to a satisfactory overall corporate performance. Imbalance, for example, could be caused both by excessive cash generation with too few growth opportunities or by insufficient cash generation to fund the growth requirements in the portfolio (Dess, Lumkin, Eisner 2007 pg. 214).When using portfolio strategy approaches, a corporation tries to create synergies and shareholder value in a number of ways. One of the best portfolio strategy approaches is the Boston Consulting Groups (BCG) growth/share ground substance. When using the (BCG) each business unit is broken down into four different quadrants, stars, cash cows, question marks, and dogs. Stars are the business units competing in high-growth industries with comparatively high mar ket shares. Question marks compete in high growth industries with weak market shares. Cash cows are business units with high market shares in low growth industries. Finally, dogs have weak market shares in low growth industries (Dess, Lumkin, Eisner 2007 pg. 214).Yum Brands Inc. has several business units that are considered cash cows. The stolon business unit that is a cash cow is Pizza Hut. In 2003, Pizza Huts sales were 5 billion dollars. It has almost 50 percent of the industries market share. Although its market share is fairly high, its growth rate is altogether 1.3 percent. The average sales per unit are $605,700 throughout its 7,523 units (Krug (2004) pg. 631.Another cash cow is Kentucky heat Chicken (KFC). As well as Pizza Hut, KFC is also the market leader in the chicken chain. In 2003, KFCs total sales were almost 5 billion dollars, more than 50 percent of the market share in the chicken chain segment. KFC had a growth rate of 2.8 percent. The average sales per unit a re $897,800 throughout its 5,524 units. patronage its dominance, KFC is slowly losing market share as other chicken chains increases sales at a faster rate. sales indicated that KFCs share of the chicken segment fell from a high of 64 percent in 1993, a 10 year drop of 14 percent (Krug (2004) pg. 631).The last cash cow of Yum Brands Inc. is Taco Bell. Taco Bell is Yum Brand Inc. most profitable among the business units. In 2003, its sales were 5.3 billion dollars, averaging $879,700 per unit. Although it has a high market rate, it only has a growth rate of 2.8 percent (Krug, (2004) pg. 631). Taco Bell was able to generate greater overall profits because of its lower operational cost (Krug (2004) pg. 627). Its profits also were greater because the cooking machinery was simple, less costly, and required less space then a pizza oven or chicken broiler (Krug (2004) pg. 631).Despite the fact that the company has many cash cows throughout its business units, it also has two dogs in AW r estaurants and Long John Silvers. In 2003, AW had sales of only 200 million dollars. That is over 5 billion dollars less than the sales that Taco Bell exceeded. Additionally, Long John Silvers had sales of 777 million dollars, averaging $640,000 throughout its units. Its growth rate was a low 2.8 percent six percent less than the industry leader McDonalds (Krug, (2004) pg. 631).Even though there are numerous benefits of portfolio models, there are also some downsides. First, the approach views each Strategic Business Unit (SBU) as a stand-alone entity, ignoring common core business practices and value-creating activities that may hold promise for synergies across business units. Second, unless care is exercised, the process becomes largely mechanical, substituting an oversimplified graphical model for the important contributions for the CEOs experience and judgment. Third, the reliance on fixed rules regarding resource allocation across SBUs can be detrimental to a firms long te rm viability. Finally, while colorful and easy to comprehend the imagery of the BCG matrix can lead to some troublesome and overly simplistic prescriptions (Dess, Lumkin, Eisner 2007 pg. 216).Since 2004, Yum Brands Inc. has been narrowing its focus on an international strategy. An international strategy is achieved by developing a strong market share position in a small number of high growth markets. There are a few advantages of international expansion. First, is it increases the size of potential markets for a firms products and services (Dess, Lumkin, Eisner 2007 pg. 243). Second, is reducing the costs of research and development as well as operating costs. Finally, it can enable a firm to optimize the physical location for ein truth activity in its value chain (Dess, Lumkin, Eisner 2007 pg. 247).There are four risks when dealing with international strategy, governmental risk, economic risk, currency risk, and management risk. Political and economic risk can be any where from social unrest, military turmoil, elections, and even violent conflict or terrorist attacks. Any country that has this high risk is less attractive for most types of business. Currency risk can pose as a substantial risk for companies. When business units are in different countries they must pay very close attention to the exchange rates.Even a small change in the exchange rate can result in a significant difference in the cost of production or net profit when doing business overseas. Management risk is the risk manager face when they must respond to the inevitable differences that they encounter in foreign markets. Managers must also pay very close attention to the culture of the country they are looking to put there business units in (Dess, Lumkin, Eisner 2007 pg. 248-249).In conclusion, the SWOT analysis has given us a good view of the internal and external environments for Yum Brands Inc. It has shown what the company can use for the building blocks for the strategic plan. To b e successful, the firm must come across all the factors in the analysis. The Boston Consulting Group has shown which of the business units throughout Yum Brands Inc. are the most successful, and the units that need vast improvement. For Yum Brands Inc. to succeed with its international strategy, managers must pay close attention to the different risks that a country has. The international strategy must be success to develop a strong market share positions throughout the world. If the strategy fails the companys market share could drop significantly.Work CitedKrug, A. Jeffery (2004). Yum Brands, Pizza Hut, and KFC. Appalachian State University, 627- 638.Dess, G. Gregory, Lumpkin, G.T, Eisner, B. Eisner (2007). Strategic Management 3e. McGraw-Hill.

Effect Customers Perception Brand Image Of Fmcg Companies Marketing Essay

Effect Customers Perception Brand Image Of Fmcg Companies Marketing EssayIn the midst of rapid globalization and increasing access to information, companies are acknowledging the grandness of being friendlyly responsible. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) broadly includes social, ethical and environmental responsibilities towards the society (Polonsky and Jevons, 2009). It refers to the triple freighter line, referring to expanding the traditional meaning of organisational success to accommodate ecological and social performance.Research shows pursuing a socially responsible mindset leads to numerous benefits (Butler, 2006 Burke Logsdon, 1996). CSR in any case increasingly plays an all important(p) role in consumer attitudes towards the company and grade as a whole.The tick off of a company plays an essential role in twist an identity, differentiating the value offering, and more importantly, drawing a larger customer base. The brand image of a company refers to a custom ers perception of its brand in totality.In the past couple of years, social responsibility has been in bodiedd with the entrepreneurial characteristics of an organisation, leading to the conceptualisation of a new-sprung(prenominal) term called Corporate Social Entrepreneurship (CSE). It is a comparatively new phenomenon related to integrating social considerations into a companys business operations. CSE is a process aimed at enabling business to develop more advanced and herculean forms of CSR (Austin and Reficco, 2009). transnational Companies (MNCs) producing Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) have been particularly active in displaying CSE in order to uplift the rural sections of the ontogeny society.Being a relatively new concept, the particularised impact of Corporate Social Entrepreneurship on the consumer outlook towards the corporate and product brand has yet to be researched in detail. This research attempts to search this singingship and gain a better understanding of CSE. Adapting the theoretical framework used by Poolthong and Mandhachitara (2009), explained under the literature review, a quantitative study allow for be conducted to examine the install of an MNCs CSE activities on its brand image.RESEARCH OBJECTIVESTo gain acumen into the impact of CSE on customers perception of the companys brand and their brand associations, taking Multinational Companies (MNCs) in the FMCG sector as an example.LITERATURE REVIEWCorporate Social Responsibility (CSR)The concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has gained a lot of sizeableness among stakeholders and in the corporate world in the past few years. Modern literature on the concept thunder mug be traced back to the 1950s (Bowen, 1953 Eells, 1956 Heald, 1957), succession formal definitions came about from the 1970s (Johnson, 1971 Carroll, 1979 Epstein, 1987). The most popular and widely accepted definition of CSR was given by Archie Carroll in 1979The social responsibility of business encompasses the economic, legal, ethical, and discretionary expectations that society has of organizations at a given nous in time (Carroll, 1979, p.500).From a business perspective, this definition forms the basis of CSR, termed as the Triple P concept of People, Planet and Profit.In todays global nature of the corporate environment, firms are increasingly recognising CSR more as a core activity rather than a encircling(prenominal) one. This growing importance of CSR tail be attributed to changing societal expectations, growing affluence of consumers and rapid globalisation (Werther Chandler, 2005).BRAND IMAGEThe term brand can be defined as a name, term, sign, symbol, or design, or combination of them which is intended to identify the goods and services of one seller or group of sellers and to tell apart them from those of competitors (Kotler, 1991, p.442). Brand Image is considered to be an important aspect of marketing and was the outset consumer brand perception recogni sed in marketing literature (Gardner Levy, 1955). It is defined as the perceptions about a brand as reflected by the brand associations held in consumer memory (Keller, 1993, p.3). These brand associations refer to perceptions of brand quality and attitudes. The brand image is considered self-reliant of the functional product offering it gives the product a human element.The Branding Law of CSRRecent literature identifies how a company can differentiate itself and can gain a competitive advantage by linking the brand to CSR (Brammer Millington, 2006 Du et al., 2007). The brand image of a company is greatly affected by the degree of social responsibility it shows. CSR helps a company establish social legitimacy in the eyes of the customer. In their paper, Werther and Chandler explored strategic CSR as a means of achieving global brand insurance. A CSR driven approach of a firm incr readinesss the brand-user bond and reduces the brands weakness to other organisational shortcomings (Werther Chandler, 2005). This relationship amidst the brand value of a firm and the importance on CSR to it can be represented as The Branding Law of Corporate Social ResponsibilityThe importance of CSR to any organization is directly related, and rises in proportion, to the value of the firms global brand (Werther Chandler, 2005, p.321).CORPORATE SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP (CSE)Until recently, an organisations involvement in CSR was limited to being certified by social and environmental standards, having a well-established confederation welfare programme and so on. However, increasing global awareness has led companies to take their social responsibility to the next level. Organisations depart have to explore the predilection and initiative of individual employees and this had led to the emergence of a revolutionary concept that would enable firms to accelerate and develop their CSR initiatives. This term is called Corporate Social Entrepreneurship (CSE). CSE draws from the key concepts of corporate entrepreneurship, and social entrepreneurship. Corporate entrepreneurship refers to identifying and utilizing new business opportunities through innovative use of resources and strategies. Simultaneously, social entrepreneurship was defined by J. Gregory Dees as an innovative activity with a social purpose in either the private or nonprofit sector, or across both (Dees, 1998). However, unlike either of these terms, CSE involves mobilizing organizational resources as well as creating social and economic value. It can be defined asthe process of extending the firms domain of competence and corresponding opportunity set through innovative supplement of resources, both within and outside its direct control, aimed at the simultaneous creation of economic and social value (Austin et al., 2005).The Multinational Companies are today recognizing the bottom of developing markets, termed as the base of the pyramid as having a higher potential than the saturated develope d markets through disruptive innovation (Hart Christensen, 2002). This forms the basis of CSE, aiming at targeting new sections of the market for economic benefit through social upliftment.Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) Companies and CSEMultinational Companies (MNCs) in the FMCG Industry have been active in CSE initiatives in relation to the rest of the corporate world. Saroja Subrahmanyan and J. Tomas Gomez-Arias, in their paper in 2008, identify the efforts made by FMCG companies to target consumers at the bottom of the pyramid. Hindustan Unilever in India was one of the first companies to install products in smaller sizes to the rural section of the country. A network of women from rural backgrounds was formed and they were directed to sell Unilever products in sachets door-to-door. Also, Kissan, owned by Hindustan Unilever, buys farm dumbfound as raw material for its products. Danone, the French company partnered with a number of Non Government Organisations (NGOs) to sell yogurt in Bangladesh and South Africa (Subrahmanyan Gomez-Arias, 2008).CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKIn their paper in 2009, Yaowalak Poolthong and Rujirutana Mandhachitara studied the effect CSR activities had on perceived service quality and brand effect, and the role of trust in establishing a link surrounded by perceived service quality and brand effect in the Thai retail banking sector. Garcia de los Salmones et al. (2005) found a direct relationship between a companys CSR behaviour and the customers perception of service quality. In turn, the study by Poolthong and Mandhachitara (2009) displayed a positive relationship between perceived service quality and trust in the company, hence leading to a positive brand effect.Simultaneously, a considerable number of studies have found a direct relation between CSR and customers attitudes towards the company (Bhattacharya and Sen, 2003 dark-brown and Dacin, 1997), thus representing a positive effect of CSR on brand effect.Based on this fr amework, the proposed research study pull up stakes attempt to gain an understanding of the effect of Corporate Social Entrepreneurship (CSE) on the brand image of an FMCG company (Figure 1).Adapted from Poolthong, Y., and Mandhachitara, R. (2009). Customer expectations of CSR, perceived service quality and brand effect in Thai retail banking. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 27 (6), 408-427.Evident from the corresponding literature, research exploring the concept of CSE is relatively new and has been gradually picking up pace. The specific effect of CSE on the company from the customers point of view is yet to be looked into in detail and this study makes an effort to understand the same, giving valuable insight into development strategic CSR and CSE as a marketing tool. Using the framework given above, this study will try to answer the following research questionsDo CSE activities of a company have a positive relationship with the customers perception of company brand im age?How significant is CSE to develop a favourable brand image for an FMCG company from the customers point of view?METHODOLOGYLuck and Rubin (1987) state that a good rule in all research is parsimony utilize only meaningful data. This study aims to explore and evaluate the effect CSE activities has on customers perception of brand image, taking the FMCG sector as an example.This research will first use secondary sources of information to gain insight into role played by MNCs in the FMCG sector with respect to social responsibility. Secondary data plays an important role in establishing a background to primitive research (Newson-Smith, 1988). Appropriate journals, articles and other publications will be used to understand previous studies conducted analysing the relationship between social responsibility and brand associations made by consumers. Through this source, a pre-existing questionnaire will be adapted in order to gather primary data.Being a quantitative study, a come met hod will be used by means of a questionnaire. According to John Webb (2003), survey research is appropriate for gathering data on attitudes, opinions, respondent knowledge and awareness etc. After looking for an appropriate questionnaire linking CSR and brand image, it will be adapted to devise an appropriate questionnaire analysing customers attitude towards an FMCG companys CSE initiatives. The possible options available to use questionnaires are personal interviews, telephone interviews, mail questionnaires, and e-questionnaires. Given the time and cost constraints, using an e-questionnaire is the most effective and appropriate method of data collection.Emailing questionnaires to respondents has become an increasingly popular method of data collection. In this proposed research study, questionnaires will be emailed to the try on population. Alternatively, online survey software like www.kwiksurveys.com or www.freeonlinesurveys.com may be used to create convenient and hassle-free questionnaires. In this case, using an e-questionnaire is the most appropriate due to advantages of instant(prenominal) delivery, quick responses and convenience for the respondent Kumar et al., 1999). Apart from this, increasing global access to the internet enables easy reach to the targeted respondents. However, using this method poses the limitation of respondents interpreting questions differently along with a high risk of not responding.With regard to the sample size of the study, a total of at least 100 filled questionnaires is aimed at, to pick at the sampling error. Using a judgement sampling technique, consumers of FMCG products on a global level will be identified to fill the questionnaire. Additional respondents will be reached through the snowball sampling, where one respondent may lead the researcher to other potential respondents (Marshall, 1996). The reason behind selecting FMCG consumers for this study is simply establish on the high degree of activity of FMCG c ompanies with regard to CSE and the fact that a large number of common people use some variety of an FMCG. This is ensures ease in reaching these consumers, leading to more reliable results.Based on the data collected, the data analysis software called Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) will be used to organise and interpret the information. Factor Analysis will be used to reduce the number of variables to a few constructs. Following this, bunch analysis will be used to identify clusters of relevant scales for the proposed research. Regression analysis will then be used to establish the nature and dominance of the relationship between CSE and brand image.Ethical considerations will be made in the process of gathering data. A section describing the key aspects and primary motive to carry out the research will be put in before the questionnaire. Additionally, complete anonymity of the respondents will be maintained throughout this study.support by the framework proposed by Poolthong and Mandhachitara (2009) and related literature about CSE and brand image of a company, this research proposes to find a positive effect of a CSE mindset of a company on the customers perception of the brand in totality. It will enable researchers further explore the nature of Corporate Social Entrepreneurship from the point of view of a customer. Also, FMCG marketers will be able to evaluate the significance of CSE in marketing communications.GANTT CHARTThe following chart outlines the schedule of activities in conducting this get the hang thesis. The dissertation period begins in the month of June with the submission of the final dissertation on September 6th 2010.TASKBackground ReadingPreparation of writings ReviewDesk ResearchCollecting DataAnalysing DataWriting Data AnalysisPreparing Background InformationWriting Research MethodologyWriting backchatWriting ConclusionRevision of ChaptersCompleting First DraftFinal Changes and ImprovementsBindingWEEKS123456789101 112JunJulAug

Primark as a Subsidiary of ABF: Expansion Strategy

Primark as a Subsidiary of ABF Expansion StrategyPrimark is a subsidiary company within the Associated British Foods group. ABFs core values argon sh ard taking c ar of our heap, being skillful neighbours and fostering ethical business organisation proportionships along with the groups overriding principles in relation to human rights, employment conditions, business practices, suppliers and other stakeholders. Primarks success is led by a unique combination of fast fashion and lean ope rations with approximately based in India and Bangladesh. The outset Penneys store opened in Mary Street, Dublin in June 1969 and within a year four more stores were added in the Greater Dublin atomic number 18a. Within a year, four more stores were added all in the Greater Dublin atomic number 18a. In 1971, the first large store removed Dublin was opened in Cork and by the annihilate of that year there were 11 more stores in Ireland and one in Northern Ireland and the rime of stores inc reasing to 18 by the end of 1973. In 1984, 5 more stores were added after acquisition from Woolworth. From 1984 to 1994 a barely 13 stores were added in the UK and 12 in Ireland, bringing the total to 66 stores 32 in the UK and 34 in Ireland. Primark had a milestone year in 1995 with the development of the UK business fol showtimeing the acquisition of the BHS One-Up discount stove. This led to adding of 16 stores to the UK business in London area. The next major development occurred in 1999 with the acquisition of 11 stores from the Co-Op, including Reading. The Reading property, after oft refurbishment, as well as facilitated the much-needed relocation of the UK buying offices. In 2000, C A re do by from the UK. Primark acquired 11 of their stores which brought store numbers to 108, consisting of 75 in UK and 33 in Ireland (Primark, 2010).A recent store opened in Blanchard t throw, Dublin in 2001 and the numbers of stores was reached a figure of 108. It was followed by tw o new stores in Glasgow and Birmingham. At the end of 2001, the number of stores had grown to 109 (75 in UK and 34 in Ireland). In 2002, two major stores were opened in Glasgow and Birmingham. In the period of 2004-2005, 14 new stores were opened, and in 2005, six stores were acquired from Allders, three of which opened in 2006. In July 2005, the acquisition of Littlewoods stores by ABF plc which comprised an e evoke of 120 premises was completed, of which 41 stores were transferred to Primark. With an eye on globose markets, Primark headstrong to go few step further by expanding its stores in Spain in 2006. After successful expansion in Spain, Primark decided to develop its market by entering Netherlands (Rotterdam) in December 2008, May 2009 in Ger umteen an(prenominal) (Bremen and Frankfurt) and December 2009 Belgium (Lige).Despite the great expansions, internal capabilities to maintain healthy profits and lean operations, Primark, a bar get to rate clothes retailer, imbibe had well-nigh ongoing bad press active their suppliers over the last couple of years including intelligence service about the use of churl labour to produce their goods (Corporate EYE, 2009). The discount clothing chain beloved of bar fix hunters, has been rated the least ethical place to buy clothes in Britain in 2005. Primark get ahead just 2.5 out of 20 on an ethical index that ranks the leading clothing chains on criteria such as workers rights and whether they do business with heavy regimes. Mk One and Marks Spencer were ranked second and ordinal worst for ethics by Ethical Consumer magazine (The Independent, 2005)PP protested outside stores in six cities drawing shoppers caution to the true cost of their clothes, collecting hundreds of signatures from shoppers and reaching an heretofore wider audience through the press coverage they generated in 2005. Ethical Consumers criticised the company for not having a jurisprudence of conduct, selling leather goods and envir onmentally-damaging PVC products and for operating in an oppressive regime China. According to Ethical Consumer, those people shopping in Primark because the prices are low, they must be aware that they are low for a reason (Ethical Consumer, 2010)Also Panorama puts Primarks claims that it can deliver cheap, fast fashion without breaking ethical guidelines to the test. Posing as industry buyers in India, the programmes reporter Tom Heap and his team find some of Indias poorest people working long, gruelling hours on Primark clothes in pass workshops and refugee camps far away from the Primark approved and inspected factories breaking promises on child labour, working hours and wages. When presented with the results of the investigation Primark sacked a number of its suppliers and announced it was setting up a childrens foundation. Primark say it was unaware of the actions of its suppliers. They say they represent a tiny proportion of their supply chain and that its reinforcing it s stringent ethical standards in meetings with suppliers (BBC, 2005)Companies a lot say that they are responsible but failing to recognize the real meaning and need of being ethical can affect a business in many ways. It is very important for businesses to operate in such a manner that if wont affects their reputation. This was the boldness with Primark who clearly failed to tackle the ethical issues well and ended up in the position of being the least ethical. Its ignorance of the interests of hostelry led to many unsatisfied customers protesting against them.As corporate affectionate business refers to the moral obligations placed on organisations to act in ways which protect and improve the interests of the communities with which they interact and this may be in respect of topical anesthetic, regional, national or world(prenominal) communities, and relates both to social institutions and culture, and the physical environment, Watkinson Report (1973) has summed the essence of social responsibility as followed A company should be rescue like a good citizen in business. The law does not (and cannot) contain or prescribe the whole duty of a citizen. A good citizen takes account of the interests of others besides him and tries to exercise an informal and imaginative ethical imagination in deciding what he should or should not do. This, it is suggested, is how companies should seek to behave. (Watkinson, 1973)Although the above statement seems quite reasonable, there is considerable debate about the extent to which organisations should move and take on, to some extent, these kinds of responsibility. We can say that most organisations have accepted that they should, where resources permit, ack in a flashledge at least some degree of responsibility above and beyond the law in respect of the concerns of society. Companies are, therefore, increasingly developing strategies to put this into effect, and in parallel, also developing strategies to enhance their reputation and using their socially responsible actions to get to their image. Some of the main strategies for implementing social responsibility by companies areEnvironmentally-Conscious Green Working Practices and Outputs with putting concern about the environment into practice means adopting polity and procedures that conserve and replenish resources, through such actions as Ethical purchasing policies, Recycling waste products and using recycled products, Reducing the amount of physical resources used where they are not directly connected to the production process, or necessary within that (e.g. avoiding excessive packaging) and Energy conservation policies (GreenWorking, 2010) societal Accounting and Social Audit in order to assess how well an organisation is meeting its obligations to the society in which it operates, it has been suggested that it should compile a social balance sheet. This interesting idea reverses many of the points of incorrupt accounting for example, i n terms of profit and loss, taxes paid by the organisation are treated as revenue (because they accrue to society) whereas fees and payments to the organisation are treated as costs (because they are paid by society). Society is seen as evaluating what it puts into the company and what it gets out of it. Social audit draws attention to the fact that a firms gain can sometimes be a loss to society (ASAN, 2009).Support for Community Projects using the term community to refer to the constituency served by the organisation local, regional, national, international. Organisations reward a wide variety of non-profit-making projects, such as theatre groups, concerts, sporting events. Ethical Outsourcing refers to the way in which operations are outsourced and the commitments made, and action taken, about the treatment of workers in outsourced operations. Is this dowryicular case, Primark struggled as it failed to show the commitment made towards their suppliers.As in recent years the subj ect of corporate social responsibility has widened into what is everydayly referred to as business ethics. Ethics can be defined as moral philosophy which teaches people their duty and the reasons for it. Therefore, it can be said that ethics are principles concerned with interpersonal behaviour. If they are such principles, thenThey should be universally applicable they should provide the standards by means of which the conduct of people can be canvassd and they can be taught, and thus help to establish generally acceptable standards of conduct.Many business and professional groups, for example in the sub judice and medical fields, have adopted codes of conduct for their membership which help to establish a standard of acceptable behaviour and these in turn help to further ethical practices. After many draw backs, this is the case with Primark. Primark has developed strong code of conduct and started putting strong focused on ethical job as they find out soon that the way in wh ich organisations perform their activities within society has an effect both on society in general and on individuals and their values.The question how we can offer good quality fashion at low prices is now answered highlighting their success basing on big volumes, low mark-ups, and minimal advertising. The business responds quickly in the marketplace, and has short lines of management, good buying and excellent distribution. Being firm but fair with their suppliers, and offer terms that compare favourably with those of our competitors is key to their success. In fact, more than 95% of their factories are shared with other brands. Learning from the past, Primark is firmly committed to improving the ethical performance of their business and that of their suppliers and their factories.Primark recognises that as with other retailers, the key challenges in terms of endemic non-compliances remain run into of working hours, unauthorised sub-contracting, minimum wages and the definition o f a keep wage. Working conditions are the most putting surface cause of non-compliance but typically the easiest and quickest to address. The root causes of such poor practice in the supply chain are complex and Primark has a four-fold strategy for supporting compliance with the Code and live up to our ethical standards supplier selection, auditing, remediation and training (Primark, 2010). Primark also supports many local charitable organisations, community projects, families and individuals across the UK and Ireland throughout the year. Strategies that firm can ImplementPrimark has internal capabilities to for offshoot and analysing its external environment, it is suggested that Primark can invest in growth and further expansion with the focus on market development. The delicatey here lies in deciding which financial aspect to measure, since a companys financial situation represents diverse things to different people. For example Shareholders in the company are mainly interes ted in the returns they receive for the money they have invested in terms of dividends paid and increases in share values. On the other hand, financiers, who have provided funds through loans to the company, are more interested in the risks which these represent as shown by its gearing ratio of debt/equity. Those who are suppliers of goods, services or materials to the company are mostly concerned about its liquidity and its ability to pay for such items in the short term. The companys employees are also interested in its liquidity, as this affects its ability to pay salaries.The Porters Generic Strategy Model including three strategies cost leader, differentiator or focus/ ecological niche where Primark has placed clearly them as cost leader in the market. It has been a success adopting this strategy and therefore to maintain the position as a cost leader is beneficial for Primark. Direction of a strategy can take several different forms such as withdrawal from the market, either f ull or partial can be the correct direction to take.Consolidation within a growing market is another strategic option. Market penetration is the third option which means taking advantage of opportunities to increase market share. The ease with which this can be done depart depend, as with consolidation, on the current state of the market. If it is a growing market then penetration may be relatively easy, if the market is static it allow be much more difficult due to the activities of larger market shareholders. In declining markets the scope for penetration will depend to a large extent on whether or not others are leaving it. Product development is another option and is often carried out by companies in order to cater for changes in consumer demands. Market development is often carried out by companies developing new markets whilst trying to maintain their position in their current market(s). One of the ways market development can be achieved is by companies starting to expanding or engaging in international commerce. Diversification is another direction which companies can take and enter into other products and/or markets, by means of internal or external development. When a company develops beyond its present product and market whilst remaining in the same area, this is described as related diversification.By developing products internally rather than using outside agencies, the company can have the advantage of using skills and knowledge acquired during the development in order to market the product more efficaciously. Similarly, developing new markets through the use of internal staff helps the sales force to better understand the market. achievement is another option. One of the advantages of acquisition as a method of harbouring out a strategy is that it modifys the company to obtain new products or markets very quickly.In order to test the effectiveness of acquisition Drucker has suggested five simple rules(i) The acquiring business must conside r what value it can add to the acquired business. This may imply management, engineering science, distribution, etc. Finance is necessary but unlikely to be sufficient on its own.(ii) A common core of unity must exist betwixt the businesses in terms of markets, products, technology, etc. This helps to create a common culture or at least sympathy mingled with the two separate ones.(iii) The acquiring companys management must understand the business being acquired.(iv) The acquiring company must put a quality management team quickly into the acquired business.(v) The acquiring business must be able to retain the best management from both businesses.One of the ways that businesses develop is through franchises, where the franchiser isResponsible for setting up an outlet (such as Spudulike or Kwik Print) and for market, training, etc., and the franchise holder undertakes specific activities such as selling.Joint ventures are arrangements between organisations which remain independe nt but have an equal share in the new organisation. In these arrangements the assets are jointly managed but can be separated.These are organisations which are innovative and regularly the first to bring new products into the marketplace. Such a company is likely to be powerful, with a large share in the market and having high resources. It will gain a competitive advantage from being first into the market. However, leaders have to have the necessary strategies to protect their current market share encourage animated customers to increase their demand attract and retain new customers update the product design/service for its customers introduce new products to new markets. In order to carry out these strategies, the company needs to adopt a policy of innovation by always being ahead of its competitors and fortification by pursuing activities which are aimed at keeping the competition down (ABE/CSP, 2004)It is best suggested that Primark should take more advantage of sphericisati on and utilise the opportunity to develop new markets for the growth. It can be done by entering more international trading blocks such as European countries or expansion of market through new marketing mix such as improving product distribution by use of internet order and deliver system for customers. Diversification could be a option for the investment and add a sub strategic unit depending on the internal capabilities and external opportunities. However, as Primark has been performing strong in its animated operating business, it would be beneficial to choose a strategy related to market development and keeping the same product. globalisation and technologyAs it would be hard to set one definition for globalisation, in generally globalization can be defined as the interdependence, connectivity and integration on a global level with respect to the social, pagan, political, technological, economic and ecological levels. Globalisation came to be seen as more than simply a way of doing business, or running financial markets it became a process. From then on the word took on a life of its own. Centuries earlier, in a similar manner, the techniques of industrial manufacturing led to the changes associated with the process of industrialisation, as former agricultural dwellers migrated to the cramped but booming industrial cities to tend the new machines (Guardians, 2010).As the main advantage of can be seen as globalization increases the economic successfulness and opportunity in the developing world. It also enhances the civil liberties and there is a more cost-effective use of resources. All the countries involved in the free trade are at a profit which results in lower prices, more employment and a better standard of life in these developing nations. It is feared that some developing regions progress at the expense of other developed regions. However, such doubts are futile as globalization is a positive-sum chance in which the skills and technologies ena ble to increase the living standards throughout the world. Liberals look at globalization as an efficient tool to eliminate penury and allow the poor people a firm foothold in the global economy. In two decades from 1981 to 2001, the number of people surviving on $1 or less per day decreased from 1.5 billion to 1.1 billion. Simultaneously, the world population also increased. Thus, the percentage of such people decreased from 40% to 20% in such developing countries (The World Bank, 2009).Globalisation has benefits in such a way that more economies and societies can take advantage. It has major effect on world market and it has resulted in many advantages. As the efforts of WTO have been paying hard to reduce barriers between the countries to promote international trade, it has been a major aspect of global economy. Goods and people can be now transferred with more ease and speed rather ten those traditional ways involving heavy documentation. One of the major points to be noted for the developing countries is the settlement of their own countries. It also increases the trade opportunities between the two countries that have dispute and by doing so it leads to avoidance of unnecessary disputes or wars. It also increases free trade between other countries and builds new or stronger relationship between nations. One of the biggest advantages is to be observed in the media sector. Global media connects all the people in the world. Not barely the trade but also cultures and traditions have been transferred by people in ti all other countries leading to better understanding of cultures, religions and beliefs of each other. The society is more becoming like a global village. It also increases the interdependence of the nation states. Investment of developed countries in developing ones increases which has resulted from increased liquidity of capital. It also results in more flexibility of corporation of corporations to operate across borders increases.Effects of gl obalisation includes enhancement in the information flow between geographically locations. It will lead to more competition as well as new product development as the global market will be competing with new innovation which can be animated across the globe. The global common market has a freedom of exchange of goods and capital. It is more likely that companies successful in home countries will expand and take advantage of global market. From consumers point of view, it increases the choice, style and quality of same products as companies compete for the market share which will lead to reduction of prices. It has increased extraneous investment, including import/export, joint ventures and foreign direct investment. Production options are also increased for the companies to produce worldwide depending on the suitability for the organisation. Free circulation of people of different nations leads to social benefits. Global environmental problems like cross-boundary pollution, over fish ing on oceans, climate changes are solved by discussions easier than before. Globalisation has also led to more innovations for the solution of telecommunication by use of communication satellites, the Internet, and wireless telephones. It has also resulted in the launch of criminal courts and international justice movements. The standards applied globally like patents, copyright laws and world trade agreements are increased to protect the rights of the inventor over the whole world. Corporate, national and sub-national borrowers have a better access to external finance and therefore, worldwide financial markets have emerged. International travel and tourism has increased and this has led to more cultural diversity. Worldwide sporting events like the Olympic Games, Cricket Wold Cup and the FIFA World Cup are held globally in selected countries and it has been easier for spectators to follow the games whether through media or attend the event including music and film industries. Cro ss cultural contact increases and there is cultural diffusion all leading to increasing the desire to use foreign ideas and products. This will result in increased immigration between the countries and also give opportunities to local consumer products to be exported to other countries. Due to development of containerization for ocean shipping, the ecstasy costs are reduced.Technological developments are conceived as the main facilitator and driving force of most of the globalization processes. In simple definition, technology can be seen as the socialized knowledge of producing goods and services by the use of technological resources. Technology has five important elements production, knowledge, instruments, possession and change. Technology improves our capacity to produce effective and efficient.Technology can also be defined as Know-How to produce products or services better then the competitors using resources in such a manner to gain a competitive advantage over your competit or. Technology is a result of intellectual activities and therefore, technology is type of intellectual property. Today technology is developed through look into and development institutions as integral parts of the universities. Instruments are mostly physical such as computers, vacuum cleaners or pencils, but sometimes there are immaterial instruments too, such as databases or algorithms in computer programming. Those people who possess technology also control it. Controlling technology has usually something to do with economics and politics. Therefore we can speak of technologically rich and poor countries and the struggle among them usually in the forms of patents, transfers and rampart of intellectual rights. Technological factors also include ecological and environmental aspects, such as RHYPERLINK http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RDHYPERLINK http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RDD activity, automation, technology incentives and the rate of technological change. They can determine barrie rs to entry, minimum efficient production level and influence outsourcing decisions. Furthermore, technological shifts can affect costs, quality, and lead to innovation. (ABE/OB, 2005)Globalisation can be seen as market expansion, concerned with extending the area in which a business operates, so that more potential customers are aware of the products or services you are providing. It also includes extending your operation in different countries. really often organisations cannot operate at full efficiency unless they take advantage of technological factors that help them to operate globally. The need to compete has continued to grow, so that, having cover a country, the next step is to move over a continent, and then finally to sell your products/services worldwide. Most capital goods companies have moved into afield markets as their home markets become saturated. As more and more companies become multinational corporations, so more and more service organisations such as policy c ompanies, have been forced to follow because these multinationals are their clients. Exporting is a method of market expansion and is usually the first step towards international trading. This is often followed by the business setting up locations in other countries, where its products are manufactured as well as marketed, in order to take advantage of the local availability of raw materials, or of cheap labour, thus reducing transport costs. Technology factors such as transportation and telecommunication are vital. In the case of overseas investment, it is important to have Know-How to operate effectively and efficient in the new selected market. Apart from transportations technologies, telecommunication will play a major part as overseas department or productions points will be controlled from the head office using telecommunications such as internet and phones. This next stage in development towards global trading is for the organisation to locate some of its manufacturing, distr ibution or marketing operations overseas will involve all major technological factors. An international business applies marketing operations across national frontiers and will usually have subsidiaries established in its major markets. It may even export from these subsidiaries using the technology available to them including transfer of information. Multinational companies operate in a large number of different countries. They differ mainly from international companies in terms of scale and of attitude. National identities almost disappear and managers see the world as a whole, although having local differences. Technology aspects such as research and development and innovations are key factors for those organisations. On the other hand, the technology has supported globalisation heavily and it rapidly increases the efficiency to operate effective in global markets through telecommunications, navigation, satellite, transportations and RD. (ABE, MIO)ConclusionPrimark is a subsidiar y company within the Associated British Foods group. ABFs core values are shared taking care of our people, being good neighbours and fostering ethical business relationships along with the groups overriding principles in relation to human rights, employment conditions, business practices, suppliers and other stakeholders. Primarks success is led by a unique combination of fast fashion and lean operations with most based in India and Bangladesh. After much criticism, Primark recognises that as with other retailers, the key challenges in terms of endemic non-compliances remain control of working hours, unauthorised sub-contracting, minimum wages and the definition of a living wage. Working conditions are the most common cause of non-compliance but typically the easiest and quickest to address. As the main advantage of can be seen as globalization increases the economic prosperity and opportunity in the developing world. It also enhances the civil liberties and there is a more effici ent use of resources. Technological factors also include ecological and environmental aspects, such as RHYPERLINK http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RDHYPERLINK http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RDD activity, automation, technology incentives and the rate of technological change. They can determine barriers to entry, minimum efficient production level and influence outsourcing decisions. Furthermore, technological shifts can affect costs, quality, and lead to innovation.Sources applyManaging in Organisation, 2004, Association of Business ExecutivesOrganisation Behaviour, 2004, Association of Business ExecutivesCorporate Strategy and Planning, 2004, Association of Business ExecutivesExamples of how Technology Affects Processes in Global Business and e-Businesshttp//www.securebusinessresource.com/Examples%20of%20how%20Technology%20Affects%20Processes%20in%20Global%20Business%20and%20e-Business.htmASAN Social accounting and social audithttp//www.asan.org.uk/page.php?identity=social_accounting_and_ auditGreen working (2010)www.eastsussex.gov.uk/environment/climatechange/working/Bbc king of no frills fashionhttp//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4466986.stmPrimark (2010)www.primark.co.uk/ethical/tradingCorporate Eye (2009)http//www.corporate-eye.com/blog/2008/06/handling-a-crisis-at-primark/Primark is named as least ethical clothes shopBy Martin Hickman Consumer Affairs CorrespondentThursday, 8 December 2005http//www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/primark-is-named-as-least-ethical-clothes-shop-518600.htmlEthical consumer, Panorma puts Primark on the rachhttp//www.ethicalconsumer.org/EthicalConsumerBlogs/tabid/62/EntryId/201/Panorama-puts-Primark-On-The-Rack.aspxBusiness Social responsibility (1973), Watkinson Reportwww.submityourarticle.com/articles/easypublish.php?art_idGuardians What is globalisation?http//www.guardian.co.uk/world/2002/oct/31/globalisation.simonjefferyThe World Bank (2009) Globalisationhttp//siteresources.worldbank.org/INTDECINEQ/Resources/1149208-1169141 694589/GlobalisationandConvergence.pdf

Blake Being a Man of His Time :: William Blake Poets Poems 18th Century Essays

Blake Being a Man of His TimeWilliam Blake was born in 1757, the terzetto son of a London tradesmanwho sold knitwear (hosier). Blake lived in London which dominated muchof his work. He was a British poet, painter, and engraver, whoillustrated and printed his own books. He dog-tired most of his life inrelative poverty. He was very influenced by his brothers death whichhe claimed he saw ascend up clapping its hands for joy whodied of consumption at the age of 20. He uses the illustrations andengravings in his work to express his visual, spiritual and psychicviews just about the society he lived in.Blake was tuned to the huge social and political forces of the late 18thcentury. This can be seen in Blakes poem The Tyger as he uses twosymbols of revolution French Revolution and the Industrial Revolutionwhich both happened in the 18th century The title The Tyger is asymbol which was used in 18th century newspapers, uniform to Blakessymbolic description of the French Reign of Terror. T he Timesnewspaper talked about the Reign of Terror as a Tyger a tiger walk the streets of Paris. This Tyger was used to symbolize thepower, machinery, evil, violence and energy of the revolutions goingon at this time. The description Tyger Tyger burning bright is a punbecause burning could be seen to represent destructiveness whilstbright is a deep, powerful word for revolution. In the third lineWhat immortal hand or eye, Could frame thy fearful symmetry? whichhas a questioning tone, means that Blake is awestruck on what kind ofGod would want or allow the French Revolution. In the second versewhich talks about Satans energy, it starts with a questioning toneabout heaven or hell deeps or skies. The question Burnt the fire ofthine eyes is address towards Lucifer (the Devil). Verse two andthree shows the imagery of the industrial revolution In what furnacewas thy brain. Blake says God is a blacksmith who wrestles with powerand energy which is beneficial and at the same time destructive .In the fifth verseWhen the stars threw down their spearsAnd waterd heaven with their tearsDid he smile his work to see?Did he who made the Lamb make thee?This is saying that if there were only good and no evil, there wouldbe no good because there would be no comparison to what is good andwhats not. He basically says man needs a bit of lamb (goodness,kindness, peace) and a bit of Tyger (power, strength).Blakes poems dont just speak about his current times but can apply

The Man Named Arnold :: essays research papers fc

Joyce Carol Oates Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? tells us about the life of Connie who has no guidance in life, because her family has non provided whatsoever moral obligate to help through her teenage life. She hardly knows about popular culture and not the consequences that comes with it. Without proper direction to face problems, Connie is confronted by Arnold Friend who has a curriculum to do some grotesque things to her. This encounter between them causes a power struggle between them that provides Connie downfall toward potential death. Arnolds proclaimed supernatural exponent controls and manipulates Connies mind and spirituality to strip her of any dignity that exists within.Arnold had a special interest in Connie to carry his deed in taking her soul or something from her (619). He has knowledge about everything Connie is involved, because he has devil like qualities to take control of her destiny. A lack of experience to face problems or slew like Arnold can affect the thought process into making a logical decision therefore doing things without knowing what will happen at the end. Arnolds presence provides a dominant feeling to Connie who does not know Arnolds intentions. He takes advantage of pop culture to find out how to get to her though music, clothes, and boys. Arnold was somewhat outdated to the time, but he was still close enough to trick Connie into thinking he was a teenage.Bennett 2Connie can not maybe be prepared for what Arnold has in store for her, since she was not properly taught about having morals. The family did not have any strong ties with each other to protect Connie from any harm. She decided to stay home alone to avoid any conflicts with her family (617). When Arnold comes, she is drawn to him physically causing him to know that she is under his control. There is no hope for Connie since she does not know what to do about Arnold. How can this situation be avoided without a strong knowledge of the opposition ? This was a question that never came into the mind of Connie. The only thing she was really worrying about was what was Arnold going to do if she did not go with him. Connie is scared to the fact that she can not believe this is happening to her. This does not happen in popular culture and music, but it happens in reality.